Annotation

This article explores the evolving role and effectiveness of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions, focusing on the case study of the Central African Republic (CAR). It begins by contextualizing the historical background of the CAR conflict and the establishment of the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in CAR (MINUSCA) in 2014. Using a multidisciplinary approach drawing from international relations, peace and conflict studies, and political science, the article employs theoretical frameworks such as Liberal Peace Theory, Realism, Neorealism, Constructivism, and Conflict Transformation Theory to analyze MINUSCA’s mandate evolution and activities. The examination highlights MINUSCA’s shift from traditional peacekeeping tasks to broader responsibilities, including fostering national dialogue, supporting electoral processes, and aiding in institution-building. It examines how MINUSCA’s mandate expansion reflects changing international norms and identifies motivations behind external actors’ involvement in CAR, such as France and the UN. Additionally, the article evaluates MINUSCA’s effectiveness in contributing to peace and stability in CAR, considering factors like resource constraints and geopolitical dynamics. By synthesizing theoretical insights, historical analysis, and evaluative frameworks, the article also provides a nuanced understanding of UN peacekeeping missions’ evolution, challenges, and implications for international peace and security. It contributes to ongoing discussions on the role of international organizations in conflict resolution and peacebuilding efforts, offering insights into the complexities of modern peacekeeping operations and their impact on conflict-affected regions like the Central African Republic.

Keywords: United Nations, Peacekeeping missions, Central African Republic (CAR), MINUSCA, mandate evolution, Resolution 2149 (2014), Resolution 2196 (2015), Resolution 2217 (2015), disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) program.